Personality

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The complex of all the attributes (behavioral, mental, emotional and temperamental) that characterizes and individual and makes him/his unique.

Theories of personality.

✩Sigmund Freud:  Basic Human Needs  

• CONSCIOUS MIND: Aware of any moment.
• PRECONSCIOUS MIND: Anything that can easily be made conscious.
• UNCONSCIOUS MIND: Thing not easily available to awareness, including our drives or instincts
• ID: (The human being basic drives) It's unconscious and he/she demands immediate satisfaction.
• EGO: A person conscious efforts to balance innate pleasure seeking drive with demands of society (Rules, moral)
• SUPEREGO: The operation of culture with the individual in the form of internalized values and norms (Satisfy desires within the moral)

✩Erik Erickson: Stages of Psychosocial Development

"Changes through the life course"

• INFANCY: trust vs. mistrust 
• TODDLERHOOD: autonomy vs. doubt and shame 
• PRESCHOOL: initiative vs. guilt 
• PREADOLESCENCE: industriousness vs. inferiority
• ADOLESCENCE: gaining identity vs. confusion 
• YOUNG ADULTHOOD: intimacy vs. isolation 
• MIDDLE ADULTHOOD: making a difference vs. self-absorption 
• OLD AGE: integrity vs. despair

✩Jean Piaget: Cognitive Development  
Human cognition, how people think and understand. "The human mind is active and creative"

• SENSORIMOTOR STAGE: (0 - 2 years)
  Individuals experience the world only through sensory contact.
  -Knowledge is limited
  -Physical interactions
  -Learn through trial and error
• PREOPERATIONAL STAGE: (2 - 7 years)
  Individuals first use language and other symbols.
  -Begin to use language
  -Not logical
  -Memory and imagination developing
• CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE: (7 - 11 years)
  First perceive causal connection in their surrounding
  -Able to take the perspective of other people
• FORMAL OPERATIONAL STAGE: (12 years and on)
  Individuals think abstractly and critically.
  -The ability to think in hypothetical terms is also developed.
  

✩ B. F. Skinner: Behaviorism

Behavior is observable and measurable then objective and scientific, it's determined by factors in the environment.

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